The issue of ensuring a suitable microclimate in railway carriages and analyses of the key parameters determining the quality of the environment in the carriages – temperature, relative humidity, air flow rate, carbon dioxide (CO2) levels are considered in the publication. The detailed hierarchy of systems is described, including a real-time data sensor network, centralized logic control controllers and actuators (frequency-controlled compressors, heating modules and recirculation valves). Special attention is paid to the transition to intelligent management technologies. Mechanisms for automated optimization of energy consumption through adaptive control algorithms and remote monitoring have been considered. On the importance of preventive diagnostics and the implementation of environmentally friendly refrigerants as key trends for achieving sustainable and energy- efficient railway transport, and recommendations are made regarding the implementation of these systems in practice and their importance for safety and energy efficiency in transport conclusions has been formulated.